Common Law Dedication can be established by which of the following?

Common Law Dedication is a principle in land law where a landowner can dedicate land for public use without the need for formal documentation, relying instead on actions and conduct that demonstrate clear intent. This means that if a landowner takes steps that can be interpreted as an offer to dedicate land—such as making improvements, allowing public access, or using the land in a way that suggests it is intended for public use—those actions can establish a dedication in the eyes of the law.

This differs from a written document, which is not required for common law dedication, as it is based on the behaviors and actions of the owner. Local ordinances may regulate certain aspects of land use or dedication but are not the means by which common law dedication is established. Similarly, while judicial review is an important process for resolving disputes about land, it does not itself create or establish a dedication. Instead, the focus is on the clear intent demonstrated by the landowner's actions.