During which period did Spanish sovereignty over Texas occur?

The period of Spanish sovereignty over Texas is accurately identified as occurring from 1519 to 1821. This timeframe aligns with the early exploration and subsequent colonization of the region by Spanish explorers and settlers. The year 1519 marks the arrival of Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, who is credited with mapping the Texas coastline, while 1821 signifies the period when Mexico gained independence from Spain, which led to significant changes in political control over Texas.

During this span, Spanish influence shaped the culture, governance, and land-use practices in Texas, establishing missions, presidios (military forts), and settlements. It also involved interactions with Indigenous populations and other colonial powers, impacting the region's historical context significantly. Understanding this era provides vital insight into Texas's cultural heritage and the evolution of land surveying practices influenced by Spanish land laws.