How many types of evidence are acknowledged in the context of property law?

In property law, there are four recognized types of evidence that serve to establish ownership or rights related to a property. Each type plays a critical role in the legal processes involved in property transactions and disputes.

The first type is direct evidence, which includes clear and unequivocal proof of ownership, such as a deed or title document that explicitly states who owns the property. This type is instrumental when establishing a claim.

The second type involves circumstantial evidence. This consists of evidence that suggests ownership indirectly, such as the payment of property taxes, possession of the property, or maintenance of the land. While not direct proof, these factors can substantiate claims of ownership when viewed collectively.

The third type pertains to estoppel evidence. This can prevent a party from denying a claim if they have acted in a manner that led another party to reasonably rely on their representations concerning the property. This principle protects those who may have been misled by someone's actions regarding property rights.

Lastly, there's presumptive evidence, which allows for certain assumptions to be made based on established facts. For example, if a person has been in continuous possession of property for a specified period, they may have a legal presumption of ownership.

These four types of evidence together provide a framework for addressing issues