What term describes a claim on land which can impair the title but can be proven invalid?

The term that describes a claim on land which can impair the title but can be proven invalid is 'cloud on title.' A cloud on title refers to any claim or potential claim against a property that may adversely affect the owner's ability to transfer or sell the property. It could be due to a variety of reasons, such as an undisclosed heir, a property line dispute, or inadequate documentation from previous transactions.

When an owner faces a cloud on title, it does not mean that the claim is valid; rather, it may be disputable, meaning that the owner can take legal action to remove or invalidate the claim through a quiet title action or other legal means. This concept is fundamental in land surveying and real estate transactions because it emphasizes the importance of ensuring that a property title is clear and free from unresolved claims.

In contrast, the other terms have distinct meanings. 'Color of title' refers to a claim to title that may appear valid but is not legally recognized, 'conveyance' relates to the act of transferring property from one person to another, and 'encroachment' describes a situation where a structure or improvement intrudes onto another person's property. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why 'cloud on title' is the correct choice in this