What type of materials do 'sedimentary' rocks include?

Sedimentary rocks are primarily formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral and organic particles. This process often involves the compaction of sediments, which can include fragments of rocks, minerals, and organic remains. The key characteristic of sedimentary rocks is that they are composed of materials such as sand, mud, and organic material.

Sand can be compacted to form sandstone, while mud can be transformed into shale. Additionally, organic material, such as plant debris, contributes to the formation of coal and other fossilized remains found within sedimentary layers. This diverse composition is what sets sedimentary rocks apart from other rock types.

The other options represent different categories of rock materials. Granite and basalt are igneous rocks, which are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten material. Volcanic ash and lava also belong to igneous rocks, as they are products of volcanic activity. Metamorphic minerals arise from the transformation of existing rocks under heat and pressure, thus they do not relate to sedimentary rock formation. Understanding these classifications is crucial for recognizing the distinctive features and formation processes of sedimentary rocks.