What was the first colony established during the Mexican Period in Texas?

The first colony established during the Mexican Period in Texas was the Stephen F. Austin Colony. This colony was founded by Stephen F. Austin in 1821 after the Mexican government encouraged settlers to develop the land. Austin is often referred to as the "Father of Texas" because he played a crucial role in the early settlement and development of Texas under Mexican rule.

The establishment of this colony marked a significant event in Texas history, as it initiated sustained U.S. immigration to Texas, which influenced the culture, politics, and social landscape of the region. Austin's leadership and negotiation skills were instrumental in attracting settlers from the United States, and he laid down the groundwork for future colonies and the later influx of immigrants.

In contrast, the other colonies listed were established after Austin’s initial settlement. The Peter Colony, Mercer Colony, and Fisher-Miller Colony were all developed later, contributing to the expanding population and diversity in Texas during the Mexican and subsequent Republic periods. This context highlights the importance of the Stephen F. Austin Colony as a foundational event in Texan history.